http://forum.pkspa.ru Форум паркур в Санкт-Петербурге ru Thu, 09 Sep 2010 18:58:01 GMT vBulletin 60 http://forum.pkspa.ru/styles/dj/misc/rss.jpg http://forum.pkspa.ru http://forum.pkspa.ru/showthread.php?t=6071&goto=newpost Thu, 09 Sep 2010 11:49:46 GMT [1] [2] Next Intermediary Business Development and Strategic Studies _ Financial Papers Abstract: The business of commercial banks in China started late, the proportion of low-income, less variety, innovation ability, service fees are unreasonable. Join the WTO, foreign banks in the fierce competition Cushi commercial banks in China Fazhanzhongjian Ye Wu Shang Bixujinkuai awareness,MAC lip gloss, improve the organization and management, strengthening product development, the implementation of effective market sales, Youhua service tools, improve the personnel training system, to change pricing, Fang Fan market risk. 1, Chinese commercial banks and the Development of Intermediary Business Problems (a) of the business of commercial banks in China Situation recent years, increasingly fierce competition in the domestic banking industry, the traditional commercial banking business can bring more and more small profit, to seek and 扩大 margins, the commercial banks will be looking to invest in intermediate businesses. It is understood that among China's four major banks operating in 2002 the proportion of its total revenue are as follows: Bank of China, about 17%, about 8% of China Construction Bank, China Industrial and Commercial Bank of China about 5%, 4% Agricultural Bank of China. But because China's banking intermediary business started late, slow development, not just business proportion of total income is low, and fewer species, confined to settlement, agent fees and other labor-intensive products. The high technical content of credit information, property assessment, personal finance, futures, options and derivatives classes in China has just started, some basic not been conducted. At present, China's commercial banks have started to Zhongjianyewu about more than 260 Pin Zhong, Dan Shi, Qi Zhong A significant part of the toll-free, such as mailing of the billing, payroll, Yinzhengzhuanzhang Deng business are not charged. (B) Development of Intermediary Business of Commercial Banks problems developed with Western commercial banks, compared to the middle of business, banking intermediary business in China in terms of both size and quality and so many problems mainly reflected in: 1. absolute income level and the low proportion of total revenue Table 1 in 2001 among the four major state-owned commercial banks operating income more units: billion ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ Industrial and Commercial Bank of China ; Agricultural Bank of China Construction Bank together ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ intermediate business 26.16 9.66 52.46 32.28 120.56 income revenue 746.6 ; 496.57 403.59 595.31 2242 .07 net intermediate business accounted for net income 3.5 1.95 13 5.42 5.38 proportion ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ Note: Bank of China Intermediate Business Other operating income, net net income (including exchange gains and losses) was 25.2 billion yuan, China Construction Bank net other operating income and expenditure (including exchange gains and losses) was 320 million yuan. Be seen from Table 1, except the Bank of China foreign exchange earnings due to historical reasons, which lead to greater business between the proportion of revenue accounted for 13%, the other big banks than the proportion of small. It is understood that Germany's commercial banks for more than 60% of income from intermediary business, Citibank and other big banks in the middle 20 businesses accounting for more than 70%, Britain's largest commercial bank Balek Banks business profits to make up for all expenditure 73%, Hong Kong banks non-interest income total income is 22%. However, China's four state-owned commercial banks, the proportion of intermediary business income does not exceed an average of 10%. 2. On the traditional middle class dependent on a larger business, lack of creativity Table 2, a state-owned commercial bank in China in 2001 Table intermediary business income share ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ Total Settlement Class Agents Class of security class bank cards real estate finance ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ income share (%) 100 24.76 14.1 2.97 12.23 3.81 ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ other funds entrusted loan counseling ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ income share (%) 15.51 5.37 1.2 20.05 ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ can be seen from Table 2, the traditional settlement, agency revenue accounting for about 40%, consulting,MAC lip gloss, Fund class of business only about 6%. The foreign banks and Chinese banks constitute a significantly different income, see Table 3 相关的主题文章： China Securities Regulatory System in history _995 Debt problems in the process of financial research papers and Solutions _ _503 The history of the world financial system collapse process (on) _ _1183 financial research papers ]]> Видео монтаж usnzfhoq http://forum.pkspa.ru/showthread.php?t=6071 http://forum.pkspa.ru/showthread.php?t=6070&goto=newpost Thu, 09 Sep 2010 11:48:57 GMT Market interest rates impact the stock market _ tax papers foreign currency interest rate management system, the interest rate market has taken... Market interest rates impact the stock market _ tax papers foreign currency interest rate management system, the interest rate market has taken an important step. For now, the interest rate market on the positive impact of China's securities market mainly in the following areas. one conducive to China's securities market price formation mechanism of standardization, to protect the interests of investors. In the interest rate market conditions, stocks, bonds and other financial assets of price formation, is based on market interest rates. The formation of the market interest rate yield curve is based on long-term basis in order to form an effective interest rate term structure. Since China has not yet formed a long-term bonds yield line, the benchmark rate has not yet been formed. In this case, the stock price formation based \Thus, China's securities market price formation mechanism has been difficult to standardize, in a sense, rational expectations of investors is difficult to self-formation, is not borne by the market risk and interest rate risk, but the policy risks. Interest rate market solution to this problem was to create a premise. Second, to speed up the stock market financial innovation, and diversification of financial instruments, investment options for investors to open up a broader space. Healthy development of securities market is one basic premise is that market investors to the market trend Yongyoulixing expected and there are various investment channels and investment tools available to choose, and this premise is based on the interest rate into the market. The important significance of market-oriented interest rates to promote financial innovation, expansion of investors of Touzi choice Kong Jian, overcome financial Gongju and financial products Danyi the Zaocheng financial Jigou the \caused by market fluctuations, the healthy development of securities market to lay the institutional basis. , to increase the supply of funds in the stock market, stock market funds to help improve the supply and demand of non-equilibrium pattern. As the domestic market interest rates well below international market rate, there may be capital flight, so that securities funds run support affected. Interest rate market, the domestic currency interest rates will focus on the international market interest rate fluctuations, the level of foreign currency spreads will narrow. In this case, the capital flight of the pressure will be eased, which means that the domestic stock market, the money supply increases, and thus help to improve the securities market supply and demand of non-balanced pattern. 4, to promote the development of corporate bond market for listed companies and high-quality enterprises to optimize capital structure, reduce financing costs to open a new channel. In accordance with the \Enterprises are generally more inclined to bank loans, issuing corporate bonds debt financing, equity financing is often sub-optimal choice of capital structure, corporate bonds accounted for a larger proportion. After the interest rate market, corporate bond interest rate determined in different enterprises according to credit status, credit ratings by issuers, underwriters, according to market conditions, determine the appropriate interest rate. Credit good credit rating high quality enterprises and listed companies, will be financed through the issuance of bonds to reduce financing costs, optimize the capital structure. 5,Ed Hardy Belts, expand financing channels for securities firms to strengthen risk management mechanism. At present, China's securities firms restricting factor is financing the development of narrow channels, a single financing. After the interest rate market, as China's financial system and the reform of financing mechanisms and sound, brokers will greatly expand the financing channels, brokers can be guided in interest rates independently in the market for financing, to overcome the problem of insufficient funds. Interest Rates on the development of another broker the importance of strengthening risk management mechanisms. After the interest rate market, the uncertainty of the financial market operation will be greatly enhanced, brokers will face more market risk and interest rate risk. The face of risk, the only option is to strengthen the brokerage risk management, sound risk mechanism. 6, to improve the small and medium sized technology companies, the financing environment for private enterprises to promote the development of the GEM. From the reality of our situation, the direct beneficiaries of the interest rate market is the interest rate under the conditions of those who are not formal credit support for small and medium sized technology enterprises, private enterprises. Interest rate market, it can ensure that these enterprises into the formal credit market,Ed Hardy Belts, standardize their financing; the one hand, help reduce financing costs. As a result, China's small and medium technology enterprises and private enterprises will be further and better development. As these two companies will be our main GEM, so the interest rate market Ye will indirectly subject to the GEM improving the quality and improve market access mechanisms play an active role. 7, and enhance investor awareness and market risk awareness, strengthen the concept of cost and risk constraints. Establish and nurture a high-quality investors to the market force is the key to sound and sustainable development, market interest rates not only to achieve the capital market price formation mechanism of the market, but also lead to changes in market rules, market operation risks and uncertainties are thus enhanced, so that the market for investors increase awareness and awareness of risk, cost and risk constraints to strengthen, improve the overall quality of investors is helpful. Ge Zhaoqiang colspan = \id = \ 相关的主题文章： Tax Jurisdiction of rational thinking financial papers _2216 _ China's unemployment problem and Financial Policy (c) _ Financial Papers _1683 Corporate Law and Securities Law of the Legislative Coordinating Investment thesis _3481 _ ]]> Флуд и флейм usnzfhoq http://forum.pkspa.ru/showthread.php?t=6070 http://forum.pkspa.ru/showthread.php?t=6069&goto=newpost Thu, 09 Sep 2010 11:48:19 GMT _ China's financial papers rediscount policy effect rediscount means the commercial banks or other financial institutions would have been discounted and retain all of the outstanding commercial paper transfer to the Central Bank in order to get ahead of the behavior of financial intermediation. The central bank is concerned, is to buy rediscount bills held by commercial banks, invest real money, expand the money supply; in terms of commercial banks, rediscount is the transfer of the Notes have been discounted to solve temporary cash flow problems. In essence speaking, rediscount bills buy a relationship. Our discount,p90x workout reviews, rediscount business pilot since 1981, experience from the pilot, extended to several stages of normal development, operations have been expanding, and gradually improve the regulatory mechanism has become a key central bank monetary policy. 1, rediscount policy effect of functional analysis rediscount policy of the central bank funds under the credit demand and supply, formulation and adjustment of rediscount rate to intervene and influence market interest rates and money market's supply and demand, money supply and thus regulate the market as a financial policy. Rediscount policy to play the role of macro-control has indirect, guidance and so on. Rediscount business operation process from our point of view, rediscount policy has the following five features: first financing function. This is the rediscount the most direct and original features. Financial institutions through the Central Bank rediscount financial intermediation can achieve its purpose. This feature and the central bank refinancing connected with the form, but in essence there is a fundamental difference, based on the realization is different. Central bank refinancing is a direct regulation of financial means, and rediscount is an important monetary policy tool. Re-lending financial institutions, mainly to resolve the shortage of temporary positions. Since 1994, the central bank refinancing of state-owned commercial banks to transfer after this form has shown a gradually decreasing trend. The key is based rediscount the discounted commercial paper. With the continuous development of China's paper market and improvement of the role of rediscount the scope and the results obtained showed a steadily increasing trend is. Second, notice function of monetary policy. Rediscount policy with clear \Because the rediscount policy is the adjustment of the discount rate. Zhongyangyinxing Once adjusted the discount rate, in fact, commercial banks and the community to the public of its monetary policy direction, thereby changing the amount of commercial bank credit, so that changes in money supply occurred, thereby affecting the market interest rate movements. Raise the discount rate that the central bank will adopt a tight monetary policy, and the results will enable commercial banks to restrict lending, business units to reduce borrowing and spending; the lower the discount rate, it indicates that the central bank will take loose monetary policy, which commercial banks to relax lending would expand the scale of social credit. These changes will affect market interest rates and lead to changes in economic behavior. Rediscount policy of this feature in the Western market economy countries was especially prominent, reflecting the rediscount the main function of monetary policy tools. Rediscount policy, as Western countries have been the main tool of monetary policy is also based on this feature. Third, the macro function of indirect control. Rediscount monetary policy is a direct adaptation of financial macro control from direct to indirect regulation of changes in the financial system in the formation and development. With the national credit plan, the statutory deposit reserve ratio, the central bank interest rate policy, monetary policy tools the role and effectiveness of control measures than unity, the role of rediscount policy and integrated with the basic characteristics of the money supply can be achieved control and the unity of interest rate adjustment. On the one hand, the central bank can control the total amount of rediscount, the same time and timely adjust the discount rate, resulting in total control of money supply and regulation of the dual effect of interest rates. On the other hand, the central bank discount rate by adjusting again to urge financial institutions or expansion of the credit crunch, the ultimate impact on market interest rates change. Fourth, the incentive of commercial credit notes functionality. In a certain sense, can be said that this feature is the special feature of China rediscount policy. Developed in the paper market is the basis of rediscount policy, but the science of rediscount policy of the paper market development but also has the reverse incentive. Run by the Central Bank rediscount business, providing the ultimate credit to financial institutions to obtain funds at any time through the rediscount bills discounted increased processing enthusiasm; bill discount market, will stimulate business activities of the Notes. Five is to accelerate cash flow, improve the asset quality of bank credit function. At present, the solution is generally low in China bank credit assets, the larger the proportion of bad assets is an important measure is in accordance with the requirements of market economy, establishment of lending between banks a real relationship, expanding the proportion of the discount and rediscount. On the one hand, discount and rediscount is based on real commodity transactions, legal instruments, based on bank credit funds that put the release of recovery with the commercial channels, closely integrated loan collections, so as to guarantee the normal flow of credit funds to improve the quality of the foundation credit funds; the other hand, according to our regulations, the general discount for 4 months, compared to other loans with banks, rediscount significantly shorter period, as this can reduce the credit amount of funds used to improve the use of credit assets Efficiency. For example, the stock of the 1998 National bank loans up to eight trillion yuan, with an average turnaround time is about 300 days or so, if 10% of total loans to the discount, the discount turnaround time as long as 150 days, will be able to save money 1.6 trillion yuan. Similarly, the central bank on loans to commercial banks will then be considerably smaller due to the implementation of rediscount. This shows that the rediscount policy has obvious of funds, improve the quality of credit assets function. The rediscount policy of the several major functions, from a practical point of view, only the first function was accepted by the community, even in the presence of financial institutions to apply the discount and rediscount for the target phenomenon. Several other important functions for some objective reasons not to function effectively. Full play to further the function of rediscount policy has become the proper use of rediscount monetary policy tools to promote indirect financial macro-control imperative. Second, the basic effect of constraining factors rediscount policy with Western developed countries, rediscount business in China started late, is still in the exploration, development, and gradually speed up the development phase, and then discount policy in our country's financial macro-control role of indirect has not been effectively. According to PBOC statistics, from 1995 to 1998, the PBC rediscount accumulative amount of processing were 84.4 billion yuan, 135.8 billion yuan, 133.2 billion yuan and 100.1 billion yuan; the end of 1998,p90x workout reviews, the PBC rediscount balance of only 332 billion. Overall, the share of base money rediscount underweight. Rediscount rediscount business development constraints and policy effects play a factor, from a practical point of view, mainly in the following areas: First, the level of trade credit throughout our community is not high. In the market economy, commercial credit between enterprises is the most basic credit. However, China has long practiced a highly centralized planned economy, reflected in the financial management is a direct loan size, so the commercial credit Yi Zhi bans or restrictions on the policy, in Commodity Exchange very few if any commercial Piaoju. Even now, commercial credit among enterprises is still very low, difficult to use commercial credit companies to achieve their payment and settlement functions, commercial acceptance bill is almost non-existent evidence. Since commercial credit is low, large banks focus on social credit, but in this transfer process, there is a variation of the logic cycle of the cycle, that is, selling products the enterprise, its collection methods do not want to use commercial credit such deferred payment way; and products are not selling the company, its products mostly poor sales on credit, sell the way, the payer reluctant to accept a draft issued. All these circumstances, no doubt largely restricted the development of commercial credit. On the other hand, in commercial bank credit to the credit conversion, because of commercial credit is low, due to bank acceptance can not normally be incurred, resulting in acceptance banks advance funds, the funds appear Forced bank credit, thus making a business Bank funds back heavy burden, which commercial banks to develop this business more cautious, leading to a contraction of the business. [1] [2] Next ]]> Индивидуальные занятия usnzfhoq http://forum.pkspa.ru/showthread.php?t=6069 http://forum.pkspa.ru/showthread.php?t=6068&goto=newpost Wed, 08 Sep 2010 06:15:06 GMT On the fiscal policy and monetary policy co-ordination of financial papers _ Abstract: If the fiscal policy for economic take-off than the... On the fiscal policy and monetary policy co-ordination of financial papers _ Abstract: If the fiscal policy for economic take-off than the left, then monetary policy undoubtedly is its right. Both Western countries and developing countries are increasing emphasis on the rational allocation of the two, which is also China's highest policy consensus. In recent years, China's proactive fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy to promote the rapid and steady economic growth, has aroused world attention. Strengthen fiscal policy and monetary policy rational allocation of, improve macroeconomic regulation and control, is of great strategic significance. Fiscal policy and monetary policy are two important macroeconomic management of economic policy, both micro-economic field both in the fields or in the macro-economic interaction and mutual checks. Fiscal policy is mainly adjusted by changing aggregate demand the government budget, the use of this equipment is tax, tax rates, expenditure budget, public debt, subsidies, etc.; monetary policy through the use of the reserve, then the discount rate, open market operations and other means to adjust the money supply amount, the interest rate to achieve macroeconomic goals. As the core of modern macroeconomic management policies, to achieve the best allocation between the two and make it scientific, systematic and targeted to achieving our economic objectives and promote the healthy development of economic importance. from the experience of Western countries, fiscal policy and monetary policy, with more and more attention in recent years. Over the past 20 years, due to the impact of monetarism, the Western countries generally respected monetary policy, fiscal policy neglect to play the main task of macroeconomic regulation and control is the country's central bank. In recent years, Western countries began to emphasize fiscal policy and monetary policy coordination, so that monetary policy produces better results. This macro-policy adjustment, not only in individual countries, the Group strengthened between, but also by IMF and other international organizations to encourage and support. present, China is implementing the proactive fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy, on driving economic growth has been Yidingxiaoguo, but to expand domestic demand in general Yaoqiu Kan, between the two Rengxu Jinyibude Xiediao and strengthened. 1, fiscal policy and monetary policy, the meaning of reasonable configuration (a) an independent monetary policy, fiscal policy or practice does not exist in theory. we know, the government budget is the government spending G and tax revenue T difference (G-T). If the G-T> 0, for the government budget deficit; G-T ]]> Российское видео usnzfhoq http://forum.pkspa.ru/showthread.php?t=6068 http://forum.pkspa.ru/showthread.php?t=6067&goto=newpost Wed, 08 Sep 2010 06:14:23 GMT [1] [2] Next China's social security system model of _ Insurance Articles in the market economy and the deepening of reform and a normal social development and increasing the current stage, to systematically study the macro level and to study the development path of China's social security reform has become necessary and urgent. Social Security reform after a decade of hard to explore and fully exposed the defects of traditional social security system and various reform programs in practice problems, social security reform to play just as hard to complete Gongcheng the important role of its principal. So I think to get rid of reform lags behind the situation, the needs of reform and development needs, we must change the social security system reform, supporting passive way to proceed forward to the social security system and operation mechanism of the building as the market economic reform and social development process One of the main works and initiatives to advance the social security reform and the introduction of fast track real, so that the reform in depth. First, create a social security system in the importance of 1, establishing a social security system is a prerequisite for the development of market economy and guarantee create China's social security system is to improve the overall national strength, the benefit of mankind and society, and market one of the important tasks of economic development. The building of socialism with Chinese characteristics, deepening reform, macro-control market economy and social development process, improve the market mechanism to protect the flow of talent, the rational allocation of labor resources, thriving labor market, had a significant effect. 2, establishment of a social security system is to protect the legitimate rights and interests of workers, maintain social stability and the need in the market economy, survival of the fittest in the market competition mechanism so that enterprises and workers both opportunity and risk, market discipline spontaneous tendency to encourage strong and will not protect the weak, in this case, social security, the use of \a variety of risks, can be said to a market economy to make up for deficiencies. Therefore, a social security system is the realization of China's \mandatory principle. 3, establishing a social security system is currently deepening the reform of social insurance needs of goal of the socialist market economic system established over Social Security reform have accelerated process, introduced many new reforms. Therefore, to capitalize on the trend to reform the social security into the market economy the main objective, to achieve the labor allocation - a reasonable flow (or unemployment) - a virtuous cycle of social insurance to businesses and individuals to fully understand the importance of social insurance, social security reform, active participation and promote social stability, civilization and progress. 4, establishing a social security system is the deepening of enterprise reform, accelerate the construction of modern enterprise system and the need establish a modern enterprise system is the establishment of a socialist market economy important. The social security system as a modern enterprise system, supporting projects, which implemented a large extent, good or bad about the modern enterprise system. Corporate marketing to become their own decisions and become the main body of equal participation in market competition. Thus to raise the level of socialization of social security, leaving the burden of traveling light, changing the traditional practice of running society, to achieve the goal of modern enterprise system. Second, the current status of the social security system and the problem social security system has taken shape in China. Such as Shanghai in the social insurance, social relief, military special care, medical insurance and re-employment projects and who have done a lot of fruitful work to make the social security system was basically completed, a strong impetus to Shanghai's rapid economic development all over the country been a model success. But the social security system, the National is still in the initial stage,Discount Ed Hardy, the social security reform in theory and practice have yet to be deepening uneven development between regions, so their status can be summarized as: 1, social insurance, single level, narrow scope our existing social security system is still mainly old-age insurance, and other types of not really promote social security, and pension insurance has limited the scope of the county above the state-owned collective enterprises. 2, retired management service to the community is low management services around the community of positive although the exploration and pilot, and made some experience, but to promote slow, low levels of social insurance in general is still simply the money, regardless of the status of people and things are still the burden of enterprise management services for the majority of enterprises still running social problems are quite prominent, especially in the modern enterprise system reform subject - the number of state-owned enterprise retirees and more complex transactional work, financial burden, has restricted the establishment of modern enterprise system bottleneck. 3, collection of social security payments difficulties, a serious shortage of funding collection of social security costs is difficult, not only understanding, but also the legal construction and business effectiveness. Over time, will inevitably lead to the social security system is not perfect and the establishment of modern enterprise system slow the vicious cycle, until the impact of the economic reform process and the market economy system. Dezhou, Shandong, for example, the city pension arrears accumulated over the years premium as high as 5,000 million. 4, incomplete legal system, social security, mandatory weaken \effectively promote the construction of the social security system.但 professional codes of current social security less on business, trade unions and even the social security charge Bumen lack of binding,Discount Ed Hardy, resulting in a lack of effective supervision and management of social security funds, by, very serious misappropriation of funds, the Social Security Fund is doing even norms, not uniform. 5, system is imperfect, unsound due to historical reasons, the Social Security Administration and those policies, long divided, the principle of the fairness of social security and the principle of mutual aid are not fully reflect the harmonization of policies and internal control mechanism is difficult to create this has not suited to enterprises in market economy conditions of fair competition, establishment of mechanisms for survival of the fittest. the current social security system reform in China has lagged far behind economic reform, the issue of its outstanding features: first the division of urban management system of state pensions seriously. As the sector driven by interests, there are more than 10 departments and industry self-managed pension fragmented situation is not conducive to adjust to solve part of the old industrial base, the old retired company employees face. Second, as part of the business losses, while some enterprises unable to pay insurance premiums, costs appear to escape phenomenon; on the other hand, in order to maintain the system of operation, the pension contribution rate, the deficits are most acute. Third, because of inadequate social security system, legal system and capital markets mature, the social security fund mess, abuse, hedge funds, value-added difficulties. Fourth, as medical costs rise, health insurance is not effective promotion, employee health care expenditures increase by more than I could afford. visible from, accelerate the construction of the social security system has become an urgent task of deepening reform, should be long-term perspective, to overcome the current difficulties, the spirit of service enterprises, protection of workers rights, to reduce the burden on enterprises to improve capacity to resist risks principle, intensify reform, speeding up the pace of reform. Third, create a model of China's social security system, the basic framework What is Social Security, U.S. economist Beveridge published in 1942 \support to guarantee access to an income when, as births, deaths and marriages require additional expenditures to ensure access to an income. \Beveridge's definition reflects the early period of the social security system features that help the workers through a variety of risks, to protect workers subsistence. Capitalist system was first established as the UK, in the present century, the social security system, Zhu Yao are Disability Insurance, pension insurance, sickness insurance, the insurance and maternity benefits 失业, Hai You will be the beginning of the 17th century began the implementation of \Act \ 相关的主题文章： through information disclosure British life insurance company risk control on-site supervision of our inspiration _ _4181 Insurance Articles if not timely resolved ]]> Индивидуальные занятия usnzfhoq http://forum.pkspa.ru/showthread.php?t=6067 http://forum.pkspa.ru/showthread.php?t=6066&goto=newpost Wed, 08 Sep 2010 06:12:56 GMT Financial Supervision of Financial Research and Development _ Papers I. Current Situation of China's financial supervision CBRC set up before, our country is from the People's Bank of China Securities Regulatory Commission,MAC Cosmetics Bag, China Insurance Regulatory Commission, respectively on the banking, securities and insurance industry sub-sector regulators to monitor mode, the People's Bank supervision of banks and the development of both the dual task of monetary policy. With the financial situation, the traditional regulatory approach of financial institutions (central bank supervision and banking and securities supervision and management oversight securities and insurance supervision and insurance supervision and management departments, each other separate and independent) have been unable to meet the development requirements of the new . The central bank's supervision of banks as an example. In the context of the new financial structure, banking regulators and central banks face a dilemma: on the one hand the central bank should be responsible for the stability of monetary policy, should pay close attention to the scale of commercial bank loans and the inflation index; on the other hand, the central bank and pay attention to securities trading risk of commercial banks to ensure that commercial banks have sufficient liquidity to prevent the commercial banks into a liquidity crisis. As the central bank's primary responsibility is to formulate appropriate monetary policy to ensure the stability of currency, so the objective Shangcunzaizhao Zhongyangyinhang Zhi 注意 monetary policy Er Hushijianguan banking financial business of the possible, especially when monetary policy and the commercial banks Xing goal conflicts arise between the needs of especially. 2003 年 3 月 10, of the Tenth National People's Congress held its third plenary meeting, the meeting voted to pass the first meeting of the Tenth National People's Congress institutional reform program of the State Council's decision. Program will People's Bank of banking, asset management companies, trust investment companies and other deposit-taking financial institutions regulatory functions separate, and with the Central Financial Work Committee of the relevant functions of integration, the establishment of the China Banking Regulatory Commission. Thus, the formation of the China Banking Regulatory Commission of China, the SFC and the China Insurance Regulatory Commission jointly responsible for financial supervision structure. Second, the development trend of China's financial supervision (a) the regulatory background: Mixed Financial trends and impact of we all know, lead to global Mixed trend within the financial reasons are many, such as financial innovation, financial globalization, information technology modernization. Among them, the financial innovation is the fundamental, financial globalization has created an urgent need financial innovation, and information technology modernization, compared with financial innovation provides a strong technical support. The wave of financial innovation embodied in the 20th century, seven 80's, when asset prices in order to break the restrictions (such as the United States, \financial institutions, restrictions on specific acts (such as the United States, 1933's \and banking, they are rich people and institutional investors in the channel, but also the traditional financial system caused great impact. In the face of fierce market competition, innovation and financial institutions to conduct business, making a profit, have ways to circumvent financial controls, to expand business. The specific conditions in our country, especially from the current situation of China's financial development, our country seem to have emerged Mixed phenomenon. On the one hand, as China's successful accession to WTO, both the trading of financial products or financial institutions, financial markets, cooperation and integration will come from increasing the breadth and depth. Cooperation from the business reorganization would lead to equity finance and global finance in China more closely linked, that financial globalization on China's increasingly far-reaching financial impact. At the same time, as China's financial ties with foreign financial increasingly close, the domestic sub-sector management and in Global trends,MAC Cosmetics Bag, foreign large-scale cooperative financial group makes the difficulty of monitoring is more prominent. On the other hand, the domestic situation, despite the financial Mixed financial development has not yet become mainstream, especially there are also some financial Mixed legal obstacles, however, different financial business cooperation between departments and overlap, financial Group's development now be seen. For example, the CITIC Group, China Everbright Group and China Construction Bank Holdings of gold companies such as Bank of China set up China International; and Silver card cooperation, the cooperation between banks and fund these different aspects of financial institutions in the business combination is irresistible. This is the development needs of financial institutions themselves, 'is also the finance necessary to meet the needs of the economy. (Ii) the regulatory requirements and trends regulators were monitoring the different objects with each other and from the mechanism is no longer suitable for the new financial system. The reason is: the international competition and technological innovation (mainly IT) increasingly blurred boundaries between financial institutions, financial institutions often operate multiple businesses simultaneously. Insurance companies, such as bank mergers and acquisitions in insurance, commercial banks and insurance companies are to carry out fund management business and so on. This means that a single financial institution's diversification will involve multiple independent regulators. In this context, if the number of regulators at the same time with a single financial institution regulation, then regulation will inevitably lead to duplication, inefficiency and waste control costs. So. Functional Regulation of the ideas and vision into being. [1] [2] Next ]]> Видео usnzfhoq http://forum.pkspa.ru/showthread.php?t=6066 http://forum.pkspa.ru/showthread.php?t=6065&goto=newpost Sat, 04 Sep 2010 21:06:33 GMT AMBE-1000 voice compression in the Chemistry paper _ Abstract: AMBE-1000 is a good quality voice compression multi-rate speech coding /... AMBE-1000 voice compression in the Chemistry paper _ Abstract: AMBE-1000 is a good quality voice compression multi-rate speech coding / decoding chip. 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Keywords: AMBE-1000 vocoder TLC32044 voice compression ]]> Видео монтаж usnzfhoq http://forum.pkspa.ru/showthread.php?t=6065 http://forum.pkspa.ru/showthread.php?t=6064&goto=newpost Sat, 04 Sep 2010 21:06:03 GMT Dual channel 12-bit serial A / D converter MAX144 and its application _ of Chemistry and Chemical Papers 2 pin function Dual channel 12-bit serial A / D converter MAX144 and its application _ of Chemistry and Chemical Papers 2 pin function ]]> Российское видео usnzfhoq http://forum.pkspa.ru/showthread.php?t=6064 http://forum.pkspa.ru/showthread.php?t=6063&goto=newpost Sat, 04 Sep 2010 21:05:32 GMT Solar car design peak power tracker _ Chemistry Articles Abstract: peak power tracker (MPPT) of the function is to improve the output power of... Solar car design peak power tracker _ Chemistry Articles Abstract: peak power tracker (MPPT) of the function is to improve the output power of solar cells, solar power system to work at maximum output power point. 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The Serbian government adopted an extradition treaty with Montenegro on Friday, reported the Serbian news agency Beta.The treaty between the two Balkan neighbors permits the extradition of criminal offenses punishable by more than three years in prison.Slobodan Homen, secretary of state for the Serbian Ministry of Justice, expressed satisfaction with the readiness of the Montenegrin government to adopt the treaty."Through our initiative we informed Montenegro that we want to ratify this agreement as soon as possible," said Homen. "I believe that in the shortest possible deadline it will be concluded, as this is in the interest of both countries and the entire European integration (process)."As part of a West Balkan effort to reduce organized crime and corruption, Serbia also recently signed an extradition treaty with Croatia. However, the agreement with Montenegro would be broader in scope,Pearl Jewelry, explained Homen."Unlike the agreement with Croatia,Tiffany Jewelry, which in its initial phase is limited to extradition for serious crimes, in particular organized crime and corruption, with Montenegro we have discussed and proposed a general agreement that should be applied to all crimes punishable by more than three years in prison, "said Homen.Homen added that the agreement also provides for prisoners to serve their sentences in one country or another. ]]> Важно прочитать jeonkew303 http://forum.pkspa.ru/showthread.php?t=6058 http://forum.pkspa.ru/showthread.php?t=6057&goto=newpost Sun, 29 Aug 2010 11:15:03 GMT The Gaza Strip ruler Hamas movement said the Palestinian negotiators are not mandated to surrender Jerusalem or any part of the Palestinian... The Gaza Strip ruler Hamas movement said the Palestinian negotiators are not mandated to surrender Jerusalem or any part of the Palestinian territories when Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas pledged to commit to direct peace talks with Israel."No negotiator who would give up Jerusalem has a national mandate," Ismail Haneya, the deposed prime minister of the Hamas government in Gaza said on Thursday while having the Ramadan fast- breaking meal with families of Palestinian prisoners and Palestinians killed by Israel.Haneya was referring to his bitter rival Abbas, who accepted a U.S. invitation for direct peace negotiations with Israel to be launched in Washington in September."Palestinians across the globe will not support any movement holding absurd talks with Israel," Haneya said, adding "the prisoners, the injured and the families of martyrs will not authorize anyone who wants to give up Palestine and Jerusalem after they have sacrificed and struggled for years to keep it."Abbas are preparing to head to Washington next week to attend an U.S.-sponsored ceremony for the launch of the direct peace talks,Tiffany, which is expected to be attended by both Israeli and Palestinian negotiators, as well as Egyptian and Jordanian leaders.The Hamas movement and several opposition groups slammed Abbas' decision for direct talks, when Israel haven't given any clue or guarantee to keep freezing settlement in the Palestinian territories, mainly in the area of east Jerusalem.Abbas, when visiting Yemen on Friday, said he is committed to the direct talks called for by the international Quartet for peace in the Middle East and said "the Palestinians won't lose anything if the talks failed," the official Palestinian Wafa news agency reported."If Israel positively agrees to go ahead in these talks, they are welcome because we are demanding peace and we want to achieve pace, but if it (Israel) doesn't want to, we are not going to lose anything," said Abbas, who expressed readiness to meet with Hamas leaders if they sign on inter-reconciliation.However, Haneya said Israel,Tiffany Jewelry, who failed "to break the Palestinian people's determination by carrying out dozens of large- scale military offensives, killings, arrests and many other different means, is trying now to do so by going to the direct negotiations."The Hamas movement and the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) share the principle of establishing a Palestinian state on the territories occupied by Israel in 1967, but the two rivals disagree on the methods of reaching this goal.Hanan Ashrawi, member of Palestine Liberation Organization and a former peace negotiator told Xinhua that "the Palestinian leadership decided to go for the direct talks with Israel to make it clear that the Israeli side is the one which obstructs the peace process.""The ball is now in the Israeli playground, although all the pressure was on the Palestinian side all the time," Ashrawi said. ]]> Расписание семинаров jeonkew303 http://forum.pkspa.ru/showthread.php?t=6057